1. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
1.4 Finance costs and finance income

Finance costs/income are recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest rate method as the instruments to which this relates are measured at amortised cost.

Where the core business of a Group subsidiary is providing finance to its customers, the interest earned from these customers is recognised as revenue in profit or loss. In all other scenarios, interest is recognised as a finance income or finance expense below operating profit.

2025 
R'000 
   2024 
R'000 
Finance costs   
– Bank     66     292 
– Loans and facilities     1 003 071     1 082 061 
– Related party loans (refer to note 8)   755     — 
– Other     80 459     34 920 
– Unwinding of lease liability     5 963     4 083 
1 090 314     1 121 356 
Finance income   
– Bank     (34 625)    (43 579)
– Loans     (6 779)    (8 453)
– Related party loans (refer to note 8)   (710 833)    (707 521)
– Related party other (refer to note 8)   (47 125)    (137 617)
– Other     (4 495)    (4 714)
(803 857)    (901 884)