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Financial instruments carried on the statement of financial position include: Financial assets
Financial liabilities
Financial assets and liabilities are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets are classified as current if expected to be realised within 12 months of the statement of financial position date; if not, they are classified as non-current. Financial liabilities are classified as non-current if the Group has the right to defer settlement beyond 12 months of the statement of financial position date. The Group classifies financial assets on initial recognition as measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) on the basis of the Group's business model for managing the financial asset and the cash flow characteristics of the financial asset. Financial assets are classified as follows:
Financial assets are not reclassified unless the Group changes its business model for managing those financial assets. In rare circumstances where the Group does change its business model, reclassifications are done prospectively from the date that the Group changes its business model. Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortised cost except for those derivative liabilities that are measured at fair value through profit or loss. Measurement on initial recognitionAll financial assets (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) and liabilities are initially measured at fair value, including transaction costs, except for those classified as fair value through profit or loss which are initially measured at fair value excluding transaction costs. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially recognised at the transaction price. Subsequent measurementSubsequent to initial recognition, financial instruments are measured as described below:
DerecognitionFinancial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or have been transferred and the Group has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Financial liabilities are derecognised when the obligations specified in the contracts are discharged, cancelled or expire. On derecognition of a financial asset/liability, any difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss. ImpairmentUnder IFRS 9, the Group calculates its allowance for credit losses as expected credit losses (ECLs) for financial assets measured at amortised cost. ECLs are a probability weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the Group in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Group expects to receive). ECLs are discounted at the original effective interest rate (EIR) of the financial asset. In order to calculate ECLs, the Group aggregates trade receivables by customer type, as disclosed in the trade and other receivables note (note 3.5.2). The Group applies the simplified approach to determine the ECL for trade and other receivables. This results in calculating lifetime ECLs for trade and other receivables. ECLs for trade and other receivables are calculated using a provision matrix. Refer to the credit risk note (note 3.1) for more detail about ECLs and how this is calculated. ECLs for receivables other than trade receivables have been determined using the general approach in IFRS 9. Under the general approach, an entity calculates ECLs for loans and receivables at initial recognition by considering the consequences and probabilities of possible defaults only for the next 12 months, rather than the life of the asset. It continues to apply this method until a significant increase in credit risk has occurred, at which point the loss allowance is measured based on lifetime ECLs. Financial risk managementIn the course of its business, the Group is exposed to a number of financial risks, namely credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk (including foreign currency, interest rate and other price risks). This note presents the Group's objectives, policies and processes for managing its financial risk and capital. Risk management is monitored and managed by key personnel of each entity in the Group on a daily basis, based on their specific operational requirements. Classes of financial instruments
Reconciliation of financial assets and non-financial assets
Reconciliation of financial liabilities and non-financial liabilities
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